The reader is invited to one of the most famous and at the same time exotic texts of the European Baroque - “Foundations of a new science of the general nature of nations” by the Neapolitan philosopher Giambattista Vico (1668–1774). The creation of the “New Science” was a truly titanic attempt by Vico to answer the question that worried his contemporaries about what forces and laws - natural or supernatural - took part in the emergence of man and society on Earth and continue to determine the fate of humanity throughout different historical eras. To solve this problem, Vico created original concepts of the origin of peoples, cultures, language, mythology, state and law, which provided him with citizenship rights in a wide range of areas of European philosophy and science, from Marxism to psychoanalysis. The hermetic language and archaic imagery of the “New Science” make its reading a real challenge for the reader’s interpretative abilities. This publication opens with an introductory article by specialists in the culture of the Italian Renaissance and Baroque Yu. V. Ivanova and P. V. Sokolov. The publisher’s copy is saved in a4.pdf format layout.