Memoirs of the famous Russian navigator Boris Andreevich Vilkitsky (1885, Pulkovo-1961, Brussels) “When, how and whom I served under the Bolsheviks” were written in 1942 in Brussels occupied by the Nazis. They open a new page, unknown to the Russian reader, from the biography of the navigator and the history of the civil war in the North of Russia. The manuscript of the memoirs of B. A. Vilkitsky was handed over to Yuri Nikolaevich Solodkov for storage in 1953 and now it is in the Russian military-historical archive in Paris. In 1974 they were published in the Fresno (California) typewritten Russian Emigre Archives (vol. 5), edited by Dr. Alexander Pronin. This publication published written sources - memoirs of emigrants about the tragic history of Russia and Russian emigration in the 20th century. In Russia, in a brief summary, the memoirs were first published by me in the Arkhangelsk newspaper "Arkhangelsk" (1993, August 23) and by Nikolai Cherkashin in a collection of articles by B. A. Vilkitsky “Land of Emperor Nicholas II” (M - St. Petersburg, 1998), published in 50 copies.