In this, on the one hand, laconic, on the other hand, generalizing book, one of the world's leading social theorists, Joran Therborn, explores the trajectories of Marxism in the 20th century, as well as the relevance of its legacy for radical thought in the 21st century. Addressing the history of critical theory from the perspective of modernity, which is defined by postmodernism, post-Marxism and criticism of Eurocentrism, he analyzes current theoretical directions - including the legacy of Slavoj Žižek, Antonio Negri and Alain Badiou, and works with changed intellectual, political and economic contexts. In the light of these discussions, Therborn proceeds to a large-scale study of the parameters of politics of the 21st century. The book is the most important final assessment of Marxism in the modern era and will be of interest to both specialists and a wide range of readers. The publishing layout is preserved in a4.pdf format.