The textbook on the course of general ecology is intended for students of biological faculties of pedagogical universities. The book takes into account both the requirements of current state standards in the field of biological education content and the development of theoretical problems of modern ecology. The textbook contains sections outlining the main issues of the ecology of organisms, communities, populations, ecosystems and the evolution of the biosphere, the history of views and modern concepts. The book can be useful to a wide range of teachers, educators and specialists in other fields interested in the basics of modern ecology.