The book is dedicated to a comprehensive study of the creative genius of Leonardo - the most complete embodiment of the humanistic culture of the Renaissance. The work is based on a specific examination of the pictorial and graphic heritage of Leonardo, as well as his manuscripts. A wide range of issues at the junctions of art history with philosophy and theory of culture, psychology, aesthetics, literary criticism is provided. The publication is equipped with a huge number of illustrations. Steas: Introduction of the problem of Italian Renaissance 5Os and the construction of a book 13th of general comments on the study of the history of culture 20. The first. The internal logic of Renaissance culture (category "Variety")Chapter IMARSILIO FICINO AND PICO DELLA MIRANDOLA ABOUT MAN'S PLACE IN THE WORLD WHY DOES MAN DESERVE ADMIRATION? 27 FICINO'S ANSWER 29 PICO DELLA MIRANDOLA'S ANSWER 33 ROLL CALL OF TWO PHILOSOPHERS 36 THE RELATIONSHIP OF CONTEMPTION AND ACTION 38 THE CONTRADICTION OF RENAISSANCE ANTHROPOLOGY 43 GOD AND MAN 49 THE DIFFICULTY OF HARMONY 57 TO THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FEATURES OF THE RENAISSANCE 6 1Chapter IIHUMANISTIC CONCEPT OF NATURAL “DIVERSITY” (VARIETY) A KEY WORD FOR UNDERSTANDING THE TYPE OF CULTURE 68FROM CRISTOFORO LANDINO HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL 70CASTIGLIONE ON THE ADVANTAGES OF PAINTING 72 THE SPECTACLE OF THE WORLD IN GIANOZZO MANETTI 77 “NATURE” AND “ART” 88 VARIETIES IN THE PASTORAL WORLD OF “ARCADIA” 90 Chapter III CATEGORY OF VARIETIES IN LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI. THE PROBLEM OF RENAISSANCE INDIVIDUALISM THE INTERNAL DISPUTE OF “ABUNDANCE” AND “DIVERSITY” 105BEAUTIFUL OR CHARACTERISTIC? THE ORIGINAL CONTRADICTION OF RENAISSANCE CLASSICISM 113LOGIC OF RENAISSANCE INDIVIDUALISM 116HEAVENLY Jester MOM 12 6SOME PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS 129Chapter IV OPINIONS OF BALDASSARE CASTIGLIONE ABOUT INDIVIDUAL EXCELLENCE THE CHARACTER OF CASTIGLIONE’S DIALOGUES. SETTING THE RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 133THE EXCELLENCE OF THE INDIVIDUAL? 139 “NOT EVERYTHING IS SUITABLE FOR EVERYONE” 145 NORM (“RULES”) AND CASE (“CIRCUMSTANCES”) 148 INDIVIDUAL CHOICE 154 ABOUT THE HARM OF MODESTY. DISPUTE OF PRE-DETERMINATIONS OF PERSONALITY 156 ABOUT GRACE 160 REVIVAL ON THE PATH TO SELF-VALUE YU INDIVIDUAL 167Chapter VFIRENZUOLA AND MANNERISM. THE CRISIS OF THE RENAISSANCE IDEAL “A BEAUTIFUL IN GENERAL” " 170FROM FICINO TO FIRENZUOLA. PERFECTION OF DETAILS AND CHIMERICALITY OF THE WHOLE 179 ADVENTURES OF RENAISSANCE CLASSICISM 185 ABOUT THE ESSENCE OF MANNERISM. FIRENZUOLOVA'S "CHIMERA" PRINCIPLE IN PAINTING 194Part two. Variety incarnate. Leonardo da Vinci's "ASSEMBLY WITHOUT ORDER" 209A FEW MORE HISTORIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 223CONTEMPORARIES ABOUT LEONARDO. GIORGIO VASARI 224 “AND SO ON” 230PAUL VALERIE O LEONARDO 237LETTER TO MORO 23964 TERMS FROM HYDRODYNAMICS 247 “DIVERSE AS YOU CAN” 258FRAGMENT AGAINST TEACHERS. THE CONCEPT OF “ACCIDENTAL” 266 “EXAMPLES” AND “RULES” 270 PRAISE OF THE EYE 285 THAT PAINTINGS SHOULD NOT BE LIKE THEIR MASTERS 291 “A WORK NEVER Ceases IMPROVING” 296FRA GMENT ABOUT "VOCABULA." LEONARDO'S HISTORICISM? 303 AGAINST "AUTHORS OF ABRIDGE SUMMARY" 306WHAT KIND OF MAN WAS LEONARDO 309 "MONA LISA GIOCONDA" 316 "THE LAST SUPPER" 319LEONARD'S CAVE 325 "STAINS ON THE WALL" 328 "POT". THE EXISTENCE OF NOTHING 334TWO POLES OF THE VARIETY: LEONARDO IN COMPARISON WITH MICHELANGELO 345LEONARDO AND THE RENAISSANCE TYPE OF CULTURE 357Instead of a conclusion 366Notes 368List of illustrations 405Index of names 407Summary 410