The work is a systematic study of the issues of legal and social means of protecting victims of criminal attacks and abuse of power using domestic and international experience. The problems of protecting victims of crime, including victims of terrorist attacks, are considered in the light of the state's criminal policy and related social measures. Among the tasks of criminal proceedings, the priority importance of protecting victims is substantiated, which is associated with the need for conceptual changes in the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation. Based on generalized domestic and foreign experience, guidelines are proposed for determining the amount of monetary compensation for property and moral damage to victims of crimes. The need to create a comprehensive legal act is substantiated - the Code for the Protection of Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power, a draft Regulation on the State Fund for Compensation of Harm to Victims of Crime (with the necessary justification) is proposed. Proposals are formulated to amend and supplement the norms of the Code of Criminal Procedure and the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The book is intended both for specialists in the law enforcement system , and for a wide range of readers.