The textbook examines models of many-particle systems of various scales: atomic nuclei, atoms, planets and stars, based on the application of the laws and methods of statistical physics and thermodynamics. The development of theoretical models of quasi-equilibrium states of such systems is shown - from the simplest to quite complex, close to real objects. The former provide a mainly qualitative picture of the properties of objects and pursue didactic purposes, the latter allow them to be studied quantitatively and set research problems.

The manual includes a system of tasks and educational and research assignments for students studying statistical physics and thermodynamics. Covers some sections of the courses in physics of condensed matter and astrophysics of the bachelor's training program in the direction 011200.62 "Physics" and master's programs 011200.68 "Physics of Condensed Matter", 050100.68 "Physics Education".

Contents Particles. Models of physical systemsSystems of the microworldMatter in the macroworldAstronomical objects and the UniverseEarth and geospheresEquilibrium radiation

Literature on thermodynamics, physical and colloid chemistry and related issues