The textbook (1st ed. - 1976, 2nd ed. - 1993), written by the prominent zoopsychologist C. E. Fabry, is devoted to the emergence, development and functioning of the psyche in animals. The problems of general psychology are covered: the reflective nature of the psyche, the relationship between the psyche and behavior, the relationship between innate and acquired, patterns of development of the psyche in phylogenesis, conditions and prerequisites for the emergence and development of the human psyche. A broad generalization and analysis of modern achievements in ethological and zoopsychological research is given. The results of numerous empirical studies are presented. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the specialties "Psychology", "Biology", "Zoology" and "Physiology", as well as for everyone interested in the behavior and psyche of animals.