The main patterns of behavior of open physicochemical systems with significant deviations from equilibrium are considered. Much attention is paid to issues of nonequilibrium thermodynamics and the formation of dissipative structures. The fundamentals of the mathematical description of processes in nonequilibrium systems and the analysis of the stability of the final states of nonlinear systems are presented. Examples are given of the use of methods of nonequilibrium thermodynamics in solving problems related to the behavior of heterogeneous metal systems in various external conditions.

Intended for studying the discipline “Thermodynamics of nonequilibrium processes” for students studying in the main educational program of the direction “Materials Science and Technology” materials."

ContentsUse the arrow to expand or collapse this sectionBasic concepts and definitionsGeneral thermodynamic approach to the description of macrosystemsDistinctive features and features of the classical thermodynamic description.The degree of deviation from equilibrium is a criterion for methods of thermodynamic description.Thermodynamic foundations for the description of nonequilibrium systems. Linear thermodynamicsOnsager's first law.Determination of thermodynamic forces. Onsager's second and third laws. Diffusion problems. Prigogine's principle. The region of nonlinear laws is a universal criterion for the evolution of systems. Self-organization and dissipative structures. Self-organization - the Bénard effect. Self-organization - the Taylor effect. Self-organization - the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction. Dissipative structures - properties, classification, conditions of existence. Nonlinear thermodynamics - dynamic models of processes with one variable Dynamic equations. Evolution of systems - potential method. Autocatalysis, population dynamics. Autocatalysis with branching, bifurcations - nonequilibrium phase transitions. Anharmonic oscillator - violation of time symmetry. Evolution of systems - analysis of dynamic functions. Nonlinear thermodynamics - dynamic models of processes with two variables Point final states, classification, phase portraits, evolution of systems. Limit cycles. General issues of stability of nonlinear systems. Trajectory stability. Orbital stability. Structural stability. Theory of disasters - an outside view Disasters and analysis of structural stability. “Fold” disaster. “Assembly” disaster "Active media. Bistable media. Excitable media. Literature. Applications. Stability of systems with n variables. Stability criteria. Lyapunov function.

Literature on thermodynamics, physical and colloid chemistry and related issues