The book is devoted to ethical problems that arise when using modern achievements of molecular genetics and experimental embryology in medical practice. The latest achievements of genetics are presented in a popular, accessible form for non-specialists. The possibilities of selecting genetically “desirable” children at the early embryonic stage, changing the genome using genetic engineering methods, human cloning and so-called therapeutic cloning are considered. The danger of spreading pseudoscientific and immoral theories that allow society to interfere with inalienable human rights is shown. The book is intended for a wide range of readers, as well as for those who will shape public opinion (journalists, lawyers, etc.) or develop legislative acts related to the possibilities of using genetic achievements to change the human genome.