Byzantine civilization has a special and undoubtedly outstanding place in world history. Its powerful political, historical and cultural influence stretched from the Middle East to Western Europe. The direct successor of the Roman Empire, Byzantium, having absorbed the Greco-Hellenistic and Roman traditions, as well as the best achievements of the Middle Eastern peoples, created a sophisticated, vibrant, original material and spiritual culture. The Byzantines themselves called their empire the Roman Empire. The heritage of this pearl of the Middle Ages is studied by Byzantine studies, or Byzantine studies, a historical discipline that is rightfully considered the “orchid of sciences.” The publishing layout is saved in PDF A4 format.