The monograph presents a qualitatively new version of the origin and evolution of the early state in ancient Egypt. Based on modern ideas of political anthropologists on the nature and essence of the early state, the author critically reconsiders the established view of Egypt of the Ancient Kingdom as an unconditional centralized despotism. Much attention, in accordance with accepted methodological guidelines, is paid to the role of geographical and climatic factors in the process of ancient Egyptian politogenesis. The book is intended for specialists in the history of the ancient world.