The book is dedicated to the history of the struggle of the Bolshevik regime with Russian socialist parties and anarchist organizations from 1917 to the mid-1950s. The work examines the mechanisms and “ideology”, the main stages, directions and effectiveness of this struggle, the methods and organization of the work of repressive bodies, the legal framework of repression. The author relied both on newly discovered documents of central party and state bodies, and on sources widely used in Soviet historical party literature. Taken together with the first, these traditional materials receive a completely different reading and allow us to come to conclusions that are fundamentally different from the conclusions of Soviet historiography.