David Ricardo (1772–1823) - English economist, follower and at the same time opponent of Adam Smith, one of the founders of classical political economy. In the work “Principles of Political Economy and Taxation”, the author defined the main task of political economy - the determination of the laws governing the distribution of created product. Value is determined by labor, “the determination of value by labor time is an absolute, universal law.” Based on the labor theory of value, Ricardo created the theory of rent, in which the source of rent is not the special generosity of nature, but the labor applied. In addition, Ricardo formulated the theory of comparative advantage for foreign trade, the quantitative theory of money and the ideology of the “gold standard”. In PDF format The publishing layout of the book is saved in A4.