The article is dedicated to Hypatia, the first female scientist, brutally murdered by clergy back in the first centuries of Christianity. HYPATHIA (Hypatia) (c. 370–415), ancient mathematician, astronomer and philosopher, the first among the great female scientists. Daughter of the mathematician Theon the Younger (of Alexandria), who taught at the higher school at the Library of Alexandria. She traveled a lot and corresponded with enlightened people of the Mediterranean. She taught in Alexandria and became a recognized leader of the Neoplatonist philosophical school. Letters addressed to Alexandria simply to the “philosopher” were handed to Hypatia. Hypatia is credited with the authorship of three treatises on geometry and algebra and one on astronomy, which have not reached us; a list of her works is given in the Byzantine encyclopedia of the 10th century. – Svida's dictionary (Suda lexicon). Among her mathematical works were probably commentaries on the Arithmetic of Diophantus of Alexandria (3rd century) and the Conic Sections of Apollonius of Perga (2nd century BC). It is believed that the third book of the Almagest of Claudius Ptolemy (2nd century) was commented by Theon of Alexandria together with Hypatia. It is also claimed that she invented or improved several scientific instruments: a device for producing distilled water, an instrument for measuring the density of water, an astrolabe and a planisphere (a flat movable map of the sky). Hypatia is credited with the words: “It is better to think and make mistakes than not to think at all. The worst thing is to present superstition as truth.” Hypatia's death was violent: she was torn to pieces by a crowd of fanatical Christians; According to some sources, she was dragged from the audience and slashed to death with oyster shells. Some authors consider her death a political assassination.