The collective monograph analyzes the Soviet state policy of economic development of Siberia, associated with the adoption of mobilization decisions necessary for the modernization transformation of the region's economy on the basis of industrialization. It is emphasized that in the twentieth century there was an active socio-economic development of increasingly new regions of Siberia, rich in minerals, raw materials and other natural resources. Particular attention is paid to the mobilization nature of the development of the northern regions, where fairly effective territorial production complexes and associations were created that radically changed not only the economic, but also the civilizational appearance of the region. In general, the authors of the monograph present Siberia in the Soviet period as an actively developing territory, where major socio-economic programs of national importance were gradually implemented from west to east, unique mineral deposits were developed, new settlements were built, in which a predominantly urban lifestyle of the population was formed. The monograph is addressed to specialists, students and everyone interested in the history of Siberia.