Material civilization, economics and capitalism (Summary). Fernand Braudel (1902-1985) is an outstanding French historian who revolutionized historical science thanks to his original model of historical research, which is based on the study of the material conditions of existence person in a given geographical and social environment. This methodology was outlined in detail and brilliantly applied in Braudel’s most famous work - his three-volume work “Material Civilization, Economy and Capitalism, XV-XVIII Centuries,” published in 1979. This is a large-scale study of the pre-industrial world, showing in great detail how the economies of European (and other) countries functioned in a given historical period. It characterizes in particular detail the development of trade and money circulation; much attention is also paid to the influence of the geographical environment on social processes. The small book, which is offered to your attention today, reproduces the text of three lectures given by F. Braudel at the American Johns Hopkins University in 1976: “Rethinking Material and Economic Thought”, “Games of Exchange”, “Time of Peace”.