Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) was an English philosopher and sociologist, one of the founders of positivism in England, an adherent of evolutionary theory in philosophy and sociology, and an ideologist of social Darwinism. In addition, Spencer had an undoubted talent as a writer. He was admired by Jack London, Mark Twain and Theodore Dreiser. In the book “The Individual and the State,” first published in 1884, the author sets out his views on the relationship between man and the state using the example of the situation in contemporary England. Spencer's view of the changes taking place in his country in the second half of the 19th century was extremely critical; one might say that he saw the degeneration of classical liberalism, and the emergence of what would be called “social liberalism” in the 20th century. The publishing layout of the book is saved in PDF A4 format.