The study is devoted to one of the turning point and tragic events of post-revolutionary Russian history - the process of “socialist de-peasantization” in the form of the deportation of hundreds of thousands of peasant families to special settlements in the Gulag commandant’s office. Based on published and archival documents, the author reconstructs the mechanism and stages of the implementation of state repressive anti-peasant policies in the West Siberian region during the 1930s. The development and implementation of mass and local deportations, forms of peasant protest and resistance, the process of formation and transformation of the network of special settlements in the region are shown, the sources of replenishment and the appearance of the commandant corps are considered, the directions and consequences of the discriminatory status of special settlers, the scale and structure of the exploitation of their labor by the Stalinist economic system are shown. The publication includes photo illustrations and a map of special settlements in the region.