The book is based on an analysis of data on mortality on the world's roads over 100 years of mass motorization. It outlines the history of the formation of modern scientific ideas about the means and methods of ensuring road safety in a structural and temporal context. At the same time, in the spirit of the scientific tradition laid down by the classic of the genre - Robin Smead, the authors paid special attention to the institutional side of the matter, for the first time presenting statistical evidence of the decisive influence on the level of transport risks of such factors as the quality of institutions, social capital, and the maturity of civil society. A model is presented that determines global trend of transport risks depending on the level of motorization and allowing to evaluate the real successes/failures of national road safety programs. A detailed analysis of domestic practice in this area was carried out and some recommendations were given related to the implementation of the best world experience in domestic practice. The book is addressed to a wide range of specialists in the field of transport, urban planning, road management, state and municipal administration, who wish to broaden their horizons in the field of road safety movement, as well as general problems that Russia faces in the development of mass motorization.