The book is dedicated to policies aimed at transforming Romania into an ethnically homogeneous nation, which in 1940–1944. carried out by the pro-Hitler government of dictator Ion Antonescu. Based on published and archival materials, the ideology of radical nationalism professed by this government and which considered the achievement of the ethnic “purity” of the nation to be the highest state wisdom, methods of moving towards this goal, including the exchange of populations with neighboring countries, deportations and extermination of entire groups of the population, are analyzed. as well as the reaction of Romanian society to these policies. It shows the reasons why Romanian politics became more moderate during 1942 and why only a small part of what was originally conceived was implemented in practice. The publishing layout is saved in PDF A4 format.