This essay is an attempt to comprehensively consider the scientific activities of the Soviet agrobiologist Trofim Denisovich Lysenko, one of the leaders of agricultural science in the USSR in 1930–50. In subsequent decades, his name became a household name, and his role in science began to be completely denied. But a historical analysis of T.D.’s research. Lysenko allows us to assert that he was one of the founders of the biology of plant development in our country. The book describes the achievements and mistakes of T.D. Lysenko, the socio-political features of those years, the atmosphere of scientific discussions, the reasons for the negative attitude towards his personality. A sober assessment of T.D.’s activities is given. Lysenko. Contents PREFACE .................................................... ...................................5 PART IT ETC. Lysenko - scientist-practitioner .................................................... .........9Forgotten world fame T.D. Lysenko ............................9 Contribution of T.D. Lysenko into biological theory ...........................12 Practical developments by T.D. Lysenko ....................................19Why the discoveries of T.D. Lysenko is not in demand in practice today .................................................... ........................................25Scientific philosophy T.D. Lysenko ....................................................31 Reviews of scientists about scientific activities of T.D. Lysenko............45 PART IIConfrontation between Soviet agrobiologists and geneticists. ..............48 Erroneous practical proposals of genetics of those years ....49 The basis of the biological discussion of those years was the question of the inheritance of acquired characteristics ....... ...............57The atmosphere of scientific debate in those years.................................... .........65Scientific tragedy T.D. Lysenko and his schools ........................... 71 PART III Double standards in relation to T.D. Lysenko ...............76 T.D. Lysenko and N.I. Vavilov ..................................................... .....76August session of 1948 ..................................81Oblivion ..... ........................................................ ...............................86 “Lysenkoism” in current Russian science........... ...............93EPILOGUE .................................... ........................................................ ....98Brief biographical information about T.D. Lysenko .....................102 Literature cited ............................... ....................................104Personnel ........... ........................................................ ........................111