The main provisions of the Gibbs theory of capillarity and the fundamental thermodynamic equations obtained by the finite thickness layer method are considered. The main attention is paid to applied aspects of the thermodynamic theory of surface phenomena. The issue of methods for calculating adsorption in multicomponent solutions is considered in detail. For the first time, systems of equations have been obtained that make it possible to calculate adsorption in real multicomponent solutions using the concentration dependence of surface tension; systems of equations have been obtained and methods have been developed for calculating the thermodynamic parameters of the surface layer of multicomponent systems. Experimental data on surface tension and density of binary and multicomponent systems are presented. The original instruments and methods are described in detail. Analysis of the results obtained made it possible to develop methods for predicting the surface properties of multicomponent systems based on data on the properties of lateral double melts.

The monograph is intended for a wide range of scientists - physicists and chemists, engineers and materials scientists, as well as university teachers, graduate students and students relevant specialties.

ContentsGibbs method in the thermodynamics of surface phenomena.Thermodynamic description of surface properties by the method of a layer of finite thickness.Methodology for measuring surface tension and density of metals and alloys.Surface properties and molar volumes of pure metals and binary systems.Surface tension and density of multicomponent melts. Thermodynamic parameters of the surface layer of multicomponent melts and methods for their prediction. References.