The book is devoted to a comparative analysis of personal marking systems in the languages of the Niger-Congo macrofamily - the largest genetic association of languages in the world. The macrofamily includes more than 1,500 languages of sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of the work is to carry out a step-by-step reconstruction of the proto-linguistic system of personal indicators: through the systems of proto-languages of groups and families to the proto-language of Niger-Congo, which is believed to have existed in West or Central Africa about ten thousand years ago. The book aims to demonstrate that the paradigmatic similarities in personality score systems across different families of Niger-Congo languages cannot be the result of chance or areal contact and must be taken as evidence of deep genetic relatedness. The book is the first attempt in Russian scientific literature to describe and systematically compare more than 650 Niger-Congo languages.