The book presents modern concepts of the mechanism of hemorrhoids, including the authors’ own research, which morphologically confirms the formation in the vast majority of cases of only three internal hemorrhoids with their distal (external) branches, as well as explaining the mechanism of its inflammatory exacerbations. Based on more 10 thousand observations of patients describe the clinical picture of different forms and stages of hemorrhoids. Conservative methods of treating hemorrhoids are presented, which provide relief or even quite permanently cure almost half of all patients. Palliative and radical surgery of hemorrhoids are represented by our own developments and modifications of hemorrhoidectomy, tested in the clinic. The second part of the book is devoted to the problem of chronic constipation. A meta-analysis of modern concepts of the etiology, classification and treatment of constipation, which is often an independent syndrome or condition that sharply aggravates the course of many diseases, especially hemorrhoids, with which constipation is combined in the vast majority of cases, is presented. The book is intended for surgeons, proctologists and first-contact doctors, who are sometimes not consider hemorrhoids and constipation to be a serious problem, while these are perhaps the most common human diseases, not only creating discomfort and reducing the quality of life, but also threatening serious complications