In a book the fundamental problems of phraseology are examined: category of идиоматичности and idioms, specific of phraseological units as to the special part of lexicon, typology of phraseological units, features of semantics of phraseological units and concept of model of value, connection of actual value of phraseological unit with an internal form, methods of экспликации of internal form in the models of value of idiom, discursive and syntactic behavior of phraseological units, features of phraseology of different authors, connection of phraseology with the culture of people. As theoretical basis used position of modern linguistic semantics, theoretical lexicography and theory of дискурса. In addition, the row of new questions rises, answers for that are possible steel only on the modern stage of development of science about a language at an address to the categories of когнитивной science and когнитивной linguistics.A monograph is addressed to both the specialists on phraseology, lexical semantics and lexicography and tophilologists.