A systematic presentation of the development of world philosophical thought is given. Includes sections: “Philosophy of the Ancient World and the Middle Ages”, “Western European Philosophy of Modern and Contemporary Times”, “History of Russian Philosophical Thought”, “Philosophical Thought of Belarus”. Reveals complex conflicts in the formation and development of a theoretical worldview, introduces the main philosophical directions, movements and schools. The latest approaches to explaining the essence and nature of the historical and philosophical process are taken into account. For students, undergraduates, graduate students of social sciences and humanities, anyone interested in philosophy.