The work is devoted to the problems of the origin, ancient and medieval history of the nomadic peoples of the Great Steppe, who lived in the vast expanses of Eurasia from the Amur basin in the east to the Danube in the west. The authors focus on the emergence and history of the first nomadic empires, in the depths of which tribal unions were formed first, and then peoples who spoke mainly Turkic languages - the Turkic Khaganates (VI-IX centuries), the Karakhanid and Uyghur states in Central Asia , the Bulgarian state in the Azov region, the Turkic peoples and tribes of the Mongol Empire: the Golden Horde, the Kazakh zhuzes, the Kazakh Khanate, etc. The long history of statehood among the nomads of Eurasia is considered in close connection with the history of their neighbors - China, Iran, Byzantium and Rus'. Turkic statehood gave rise to specific forms of religious beliefs and written culture, which created the unique appearance of the ancient Turkic civilization, the history of which is given a lot of space in the monograph. For the first time, the complex problem of genetic connections of ancient Turkic peoples with modern Turkic-speaking nations is discussed against such a broad historiographical background. The subject of the monograph chronologically covers the history of almost two millennia: from antiquity to the beginning of the 18th century. With the entry of the Volga region and Siberia into the Muscovite kingdom, the history of the Turkic peoples of steppe Eurasia was determined by other geopolitical conditions - the process of their integration into Russia began, the fate of which they were largely to share. The book is intended for teachers and students of humanitarian universities and faculties, as well as the widest circle of readers interested in the past of the peoples of Eurasia. Compared to the first two publications, published under the title “States and peoples of the Eurasian steppes. Antiquity and the Middle Ages", the book has been significantly expanded.