Berthold Spuhler, a German historian, orientalist, Turkologist, one of the leading experts on the history of Islam, presents the history of Islamic civilization - the “Age of Caliphs”, as a global phenomenon that goes beyond the doctrines of the Muslim religion, including cultural heritage, to which more or lesser contribution from all Muslim circles. Shpuler tells the story of the rise and fall of both the great dynasties of the Umayyads, Abbasids, and the little-known dynasties of the Nasrids, Hafsids and others. He also draws attention to Spanish Islam, especially emphasizing its distinctiveness. The "Mongol Period" is the history of the Mongols and the countries with which they made contact and came into conflict: the Great Mongol Empire (Genghis Khan and his successors), the Ilkhan State of Persia, the Mongols in Central Asia, Mamluk Egypt, Timur, India before and after Timur . The author writes about Muslims in Eastern Europe and Russian territories. His work is orderly, interesting and understandable.