The five-volume work of the outstanding Italian historian and publicist, first published in 1902–1907, is dedicated to the civil wars in Rome, which led to the fall of the Republic and the establishment of the new imperial regime of the Principate. The presentation includes background - the time of formation and growth of the Roman power, the period of civil wars (30s of the 1st century BC) and the reign of Emperor Augustus (30 BC - 14 AD) that brought it to a close. .. e.). The narrative is characterized by intense drama, full of ideas and comparisons, sometimes very paradoxical, replete with brilliant portrait characteristics (Sulla, Pompey, Crassus, Lucullus, Caesar, Cicero, Octavian Augustus). The book has been translated into all the most important European languages; The Russian translation, prepared by the prominent researcher of antiquity A. A. Zakharov, was published between 1914 and 1925. The new edition of this translation was prepared under the scientific editorship of Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor E. D. Frolov.