The textbook outlines the main problems of the general theory of state and law, examines scientific ideas about the social nature, essence and purpose of state and law, reveals generalized systematized concepts about the functioning and development of state-legal phenomena and institutions of public life. The central idea is the priority and provision of human rights and freedoms. The main provisions of the general theory of state and law, the realities of the modern political and legal state of Russian society are considered from the point of view of human and civil rights as the highest social value. A textbook on the problems of the theory of state and law has been prepared in order to optimize preparation for passing the state exam in the discipline “Theory of State and Law”, an exam in the specialty 12.00.01 - “Theory and history of law and state, history of legal doctrines”. Intended for students of law schools, graduate students, applicants, researchers and teachers, as well as anyone interested in the general theory of state and law.