Acacia mangium is a fast-growing tropical evergreen tree that can grow up to 30m tall and 50cm thick under favorable conditions. A lowland species associated with tropical forest margins and disturbed, well-drained acidic soils. Native to Papua, West Irian Jaya and the Moluccas Islands in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and north-eastern Queensland in Australia. Because of its rapid growth and resistance to very poor soils, A. mangium has been introduced to several countries in Asia, Africa and the Western Hemisphere, where it is used as a plantation tree. A. mangium has excellent wood qualities, such as a relatively low proportion of parenchymal cells and vessels, white and hard wood, and high calorific value. Therefore, it is useful for various purposes, such as making furniture, fittings, turning products, parquet, chipboard, plywood, fence posts, firewood and charcoal. It is also used in pulp and paper production because it has good pulp characteristics, high yield, kraft paper quality and paper with good optical, physical and surface properties. Because there is significant variation by origin in growth rate, trunk straightness, heart rot, and incidence of multiple trunks, genetic improvement programs have been undertaken in countries such as Australia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Thailand. The program includes provenance identification and testing, as well as tree selection and clonal propagation, seed orchard establishment and hybridization. Performance and quality also vary depending on environmental conditions. Phenology, reproductive biology, seed characteristics, silvicultural methods for cultivation, pest and disease problems, production of improved planting material, harvesting, wood properties and uses are discussed here.