The textbook is devoted to updating the fundamental principles of the learning process based on the activity approach, identifying ways to ensure development procedures in educational work that exclude coercion and reduce the level of aggressiveness of the educational environment, as well as presenting multi-level technologies of developmental education for the updating education system. The work is intended for heads of bodies education management, teachers interested in the problem of reforming the educational system. It may be useful to teachers of psychology, pedagogy, researchers, and graduate students working on issues of developmental education.