This book was supposed to be published by the OLMA-PRESS publishing house / Neva Publishing House back in 2007, but unfortunately, it has not yet appeared on the shelves due to the reorganization of the publishing house. In this regard, there are no drawings in this version of the book. Written with humor and easy to read, the popular science book by mathematician and writer Evgeniy Gabovich, who emigrated from the USSR to Germany in 1980, touches on such fundamental issues as the growing rejection of traditional history, new, more detailed and a less contemptuous vision of the prehistoric development of mankind, the role of catastrophes in the emergence of human civilization, and an exploration of the beginnings of the reckoning of time. The author, in particular, examines in detail the emergence of lunar timekeeping, lunar calendars and lunar chronology. What is new is his view of the long history of the calendar, which, it turns out, was characterized by the dominance of the lunar calendar not only throughout prehistory, but also in historical time until the 18th century. Actively participating in the life of the international movement for the revision of historical and chronological dogmas, the author of the book holds his hand on the pulse of this movement both in Russia and in Germany, and monitors its development in other countries. He sets out in the book the results of research by scientists critical of traditional history on the sharp reduction of geological chronology and the chronology of prehistory, analyzes the complex relationships between archeology, history and chronology, describes the latest research into the language and vision of the past of “primitive” peoples. This book of his arose from conviction , that both the Russian new chronology, the development of which he observes with great sympathy, and other historical-critical movements in Russia, pay insufficient attention to the period of formation of a historical person, to whom many books on the so-called are devoted. historical analytics in Germany. The book gives a new vision of prehistory. In addition, the reader will meet here many new names of critical researchers. Other outstanding scientists familiar to the reader will appear before him from an unusual perspective. The book is based, among other things, on discussions that have taken place over the past 10 years in public seminars (Historical Salons) led by the author on the so-called. historical analytics in the German cities of Karlsruhe, Potsdam and Berlin, as well as on the pages of the German and Russian forums he runs on the Internet, operating on the basis of the “History and Chronology” website he created.