Janusz Korczak (1878–1942), writer, doctor, teacher-reformer, great humanist of the last century. In our country, children read his story “King Matt the First.” Less known in Russia is his unique experience in raising orphans and his pedagogical ideas set out in the books “How to Love a Child” and “The Child’s Right to Respect.” A Polish Jew, Korczak became the pride and hero of two peoples, two cultures. In Nazi-occupied Warsaw, at the cost of incredible efforts, he saved the lives of orphans, and in August 1942, rejecting an offer to escape from the ghetto and save his life, he remained with two hundred of his pupils and died with them in Treblinka. Betty Jean Lifton's book, recognized as the best biography of Janusz Korczak, is published in Russian for the first time.