This textbook is devoted to a systematic presentation of basic information about one of the most fascinating historical sciences. The manual consists of three main parts: “What is archeology?” (history of development and current state of science), “What are archaeological sources?” (specifics and main types of archaeological sources) and “What is archaeological research?” (methods of field archaeological work and interpretation). The publication is intended for students studying in the humanities, and is also intended for all readers interested in studying history from material sources.