The volume that opens the complete collection of works of the famous Russian philologist and philosopher A.A. Potebnya (1835-1891), includes the key work for the scientist’s entire work, “Thought and Language,” as well as the thematically adjacent article “Psychology of Poetic and Prosaic Thinking.” The volume closes with “Autobiographical Letter” by A.A. Potebny, comments, name index. The depth of the author's approach and the vividness of the presentation make the book necessary not only for philologists (an indispensable textbook for students), but also for scientists of various fields (a guide to methods of theoretical thinking).