The author of this book, Jean Grave, is one of the most famous French anarchists of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. In this work, he intelligibly, simply, clearly and vividly sets out the foundations of both anarchist criticism of the old world and the anarcho-communist alternative to the latter; comes to the conclusion about the inevitability of a social revolution and describes the attitude of various political forces towards it; paints a broad picture of an anarchist utopia - the future society. The book will be of interest not only to professional historians, philosophers and political scientists, but also to a wide range of interested readers.