The documentary-historical book tells about the history and features of the creation and development of nuclear and thermonuclear weapons (NF) and their means of delivery. About the emergence of plans for nuclear war (NW) under the conditions of the US nuclear monopoly, based on the idea of “preventive nuclear war”, and then the “concept of the first, disarming nuclear strike” on the USSR. About the heroic struggle of the USSR “for survival” against the terrible danger of nuclear weapons immediately after the end of World War II. The historical goals and directions of the policy of the United States, as a colonial country that became an empire striving for world domination, are analyzed. It tells how the goal of world domination brought to life colossal costs and volumes of accumulation of the deadly nuclear potential of the United States and, in contrast, the nuclear missile potential of the USSR, during the decades of the ongoing Cold War. It tells how the struggle for the acquisition of colonies by the colonial countries led the world to the danger of the complete destruction of humanity in the fire of thermonuclear war. The book covers a wide range of issues related to the technical features of nuclear weapons, testing, nuclear weapons delivery systems, reconnaissance, air defense and missile defense systems, missile warnings attack, information support and other systems during the nuclear missile race between the USA and the USSR (Russia).