The book by the famous scientist, professor at the University of Melbourne Stephen MacIntyre, is considered one of the best general essays on the history of Australia in the world scientific literature. The author carefully and critically examines all the main problems of studying the country's past, describes the key events and processes of Australian history. The book debunks the once dominant stereotypical images of Australia as a country whose history begins only with the arrival of English convicts and guards. For the author, the myth and ideology of “White Australia” have long since become obsolete, as has the disdainful attitude towards the history and culture of Aboriginal peoples. A feature of McIntyre's work is the organic combination of the political, economic and cultural components of the country's history. The book gives an excellent insight into the spirit and national identity of Australians and as such is of great interest not only to those who study and teach history, but also to a truly wide range of readers.