The book develops the idea of adapting the language system to the biosocial characteristics of a person and his implementation of the communicative process as the main factor in the functional, system-structural and sign (semiotic) specificity of language. The Russian language in its common properties with other languages served as an illustrative language system. In accordance with the objectives set, the book explains the specifics of the four semiotic dimensions of language - linguistic signs, their semantics, syntactics and pragmatics, to which the structure of the book is subordinated. In the aspect “Language and Man” the problem “Language and Culture” is especially considered. For students, undergraduates, doctoral students and teachers of philological faculties of universities as a teaching aid for the courses “Introduction to Linguistics”, “General Linguistics”, “Semiotics of Language”.< /p>