In a monograph the results of long-term researches are generalized on the study of nature of механохимических processes in inorganic and organic hard substances aleak at influence of the high-energy growing and high pressures shallow in the specially created vehicles. Results over of researches of change of structure are brought, electronic and magnetic properties and reactionary ability of solids under influence mechanical activating and high hydrostatical pressures and сдвиговых deformations, processes of formation of new and deserialized phases in practically important inorganic and organic (medicinal) substances. The method of adjusting of the indicated changes is offered by the change of the mechanical loading and introduction of heterogeneous additions. Conformities to law and mechanisms of flowing of механохимических reactions are investigational in mixtures inorganic and organic compounds. In a monograph there are original experimental data, new going near interpretation of mechanisms of механохимических reactions, in particular, new mathematical model of such reactions and possible mechanisms of reactions of synthesis from mixtures of the aquated oxides. The new, unconventional and high-efficiency methods of synthesis are offered, priority in development of that belongs to the employees Siberian separations of WOUNDS. Bases are created for the decision of many practical tasks. In particular, for the receipt of cathode and anodic materials for lithium accumulators, intensification of processes of accumulation of hydrogen, receipt of the metastable states of medicinal preparations, for the receipt of the nanodispersible systems with the use of oxide materials and наноферромагнетиков, for the synthesis of бороводородных connections, of receipt composite materials, including the organic systems with inorganic fillers, using of механохимических methods for the synthesis of catalysts. Modern tendencies are considered in development of измельчительно-активирующей technique for the aims of activating and prospect of her application for processing of natural and technogenic raw material. The new измельчительно-активирующие vehicles created within the framework of project are described resulted experimental data, showing them advantages before the known vehicles.A monograph is intended for specialists in area of chemical technology and applied материаловедения, for research and technical workers, graduate students and students of chemical and chemical-technological faculties of higher educational establishments.