Jan Lindblad is widely known in Sweden for his books and films about animals. His books “The White Tapir and Other Tame Animals”, “The World of the Jungle Book”, “In the Land of the Hoatzins” were published in the Soviet Union and were a huge success. The book offered to readers is the last work of J. Lindblad, which he completed shortly before his death. In it, he substantiates his original point of view that the Indians of South America, living in the tropical forest, are the most ancient people on Earth, and sets out largely unexpected ideas about how the formation of homo sapiens took place under the influence of the environment. Jan Lindbland substantiates and logically proves a new and consistent (unlike the previously existing) theory of human origin. And also, using vivid examples, it shows us the origins of human behavioral instincts.