What is philosophy and how does it differ from science, religion, worldview, ideology? What is the essence of the philosophical disposition, a special, unique way of thinking that was invented in the cradle of European civilization - Ancient Greece? In the author’s course of lectures delivered to students of the Russian State University for the Humanities, the philosopher and historian of philosophy Anatoly Valerianovich Akhutin reveals philosophy not as an academic discipline accessible only to specialists, but as something accessible to everyone to the extent that he is ready to embark on the most exciting and risky adventure of independent thought.< /p>