The textbook includes a lecture course given to students of the missionary faculty of PSTGU in 2010–2012. The course provides an overview and analysis of anthropological ideas in different religious traditions. First, ideas about man in the religions of India, China and Ancient Greece are considered, then in Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. Particular attention is paid to the comparative analysis of Orthodox, Catholic and Protestant anthropology. A significant part of the course is devoted to anthropological concepts characteristic of the development of Western European and Russian thought.