This book is about the connections between languages and the most ancient religions of the world (Vedic religion, Judaism, Confucianism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam). The features of religious communication in different cultures, the influence of religion on the history of languages, folklore, literary and philological traditions are shown. The reader will learn about church conflicts related to the translation and interpretation of sacred books, about the mythopoetic origins of early and modern philosophy of language. The manual is addressed to students of humanities faculties of universities and colleges. Can be used in studying the courses “History and Philosophy of Religion”, “Introduction to General Philology”, “Semiotics”, “Fundamentals of Linguistics”, “Philosophy and History of Culture”, “Social Psychology”.