Our distant ancestors lived in accordance with their desires and actions with the surrounding nature, and in pristine naivety called things by their proper names. The natural, in their understanding, was not shameful - and therefore those who find something indecent in myths and legends are just betraying their own thoughts, spoiled by civilization. This fully applies to the wide range of situations, concepts and topics that are one way or another united by the word “sex”. This area of mythology arose simultaneously with Homo sapiens, and to abandon it would be stupid, to say the least. But knowing what place sex occupied—the most important aspect of the life of every normal person—in the ideas of ancient people is not harmful to anyone. The book by writer and historian Vladislav Petrov covers the myths, legends and traditions of almost six hundred peoples - both disappeared and living today. Most of the stories mentioned in it are published in Russian for the first time.