The monograph examines current problems of the theory of evidence, which have become the subject of heated discussions: about the very concept of evidence, its subject and limits, about the use of non-procedural cognitive measures in proving, the concept of evidence, the role of the defense in the formation of the evidence base in a criminal case, etc. Special attention is paid to the problems of improving the normative regulation of evidence, its latest changes, factors that reduce the effectiveness of evidence, and prospects for the development of domestic criminal proceedings. For students, teachers, employees of investigative bodies, prosecutors, judges, lawyers.