In the book “My Country and My People” by the famous Chinese writer, scholar and translator Lin Yutang (1895-1976), first published in English in New York in 1935 and translated into Chinese under the title “The Chinese” (Shanghai, 1994), a comparative analysis of two civilizations is carried out - Chinese and European. In world Chinese studies, the book has received wide recognition and is classified as a classic study due to its originality and informativeness. The author highlighted the characteristic features of Chinese history, psychology, spiritual culture, religion, philosophy, traced the evolution of the material and spiritual values of the Chinese from ancient times to the mid-20th century, and for the first time introduced Europeans and Americans to the peculiarities of the Chinese mentality.