Arthur Schopenhauer is one of the most famous thinkers of irrationalism and a misanthrope. Schopenhauer's metaphysical analysis of the will, his views on human motivation and desires, and his aphoristic writing style influenced many famous thinkers, including Nietzsche, Wagner, Einstein, Freud, and Jung. Schopenhauer's main philosophical work is “The World as Will and Representation” (1818), which Schopenhauer was commenting on and popularizing until his death. In “Aphorisms,” the philosopher first tried to contrast his own “pessimistic-idealistic” concept with a different concept, the Epicurean one.